@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix pdssp: <https://pdssp.github.io/pdssp-ontology/vocab#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix usgs: <https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/> .

pdssp:Method-AerialPhotography a skos:Concept ;
    skos:altLabel "orthoimagery"@en ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Imaging from an aircraft flying within an atmosphere. Kept from the USGS Thesaurus; on planetary bodies, e.g. images taken by the Ingenuity Mars helicopter."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:aerial%20photography ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Aerial photography"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: The process of taking pictures with a camera from an aircraft. Use for both the process of photography from the air and the images produced by the process."@en .

pdssp:Method-HyperspectralImaging a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Imaging spectroscopy: tens to hundreds of narrow, contiguous spectral bands, giving a spectrum for every pixel, e.g. MRO CRISM or Mars Express OMEGA."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:hyperspectral%20imaging ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Hyperspectral imaging"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: Multispectral imaging technique that records many bands of imagery at very narrow bandwidths."@en .

pdssp:Method-InfraredImaging a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Imaging of reflected or emitted infrared radiation (about 0.7 µm to 1 mm), e.g. near-infrared reflectance imaging; see Thermal imaging for emitted heat."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:infrared%20imaging ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Infrared imaging"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: Method of remote sensing in which optical sensors produce visible representations of infrared rays or radiated heat from the observed objects and the temperature variations are represented by different colors in the image."@en .

pdssp:Method-Lidar a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Laser ranging: distance measured from the travel time of laser pulses, giving topography or point clouds, e.g. MGS MOLA or LRO LOLA."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:lidar ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Lidar"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: Light detection and ranging, an airborne, spaceborne or ground-based laser-ranging technique commonly used for acquiring high-resolution topographic data."@en .

pdssp:Method-MicrowaveImaging a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Imaging with microwave radiation (about 1 mm to 1 m), either passive (radiometry of emitted microwaves) or active (see Radar imaging)."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:microwave%20imaging ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Microwave imaging"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: Remote sensing method using short high frequency electromagnetic waves reflected or radiated from the ground."@en .

pdssp:Method-MultispectralImaging a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Imaging in a few discrete spectral bands (typically 2 to about 15), giving one co-registered image per band, e.g. HiRISE colour (BLUE-GREEN, RED, NEAR-INFRARED)."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:multispectral%20imaging ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Multispectral imaging"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: A method of remote sensing that obtains optical representations in two or more ranges of frequencies or wave lengths."@en .

pdssp:Method-PanchromaticImaging a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Imaging in a single broad spectral band covering most of the visible range (sometimes extending into the near infrared), giving one grey-level image, e.g. MRO CTX or the HiRISE RED channel."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:panchromatic%20imaging ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Panchromatic imaging"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: Photographic technique which uses emulsions, films, or plates sensitive to all colors in light to produce black-and-white photographs. Often used in aerial and satellite photography."@en .

pdssp:Method-Photogrammetry a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:closeMatch usgs:remote%20sensing ;
    skos:definition "Deriving 3D geometry (e.g. a digital elevation model) by stereo-matching two or more overlapping images. The USGS Thesaurus only carries \"photogrammetry\" as a synonym of \"remote sensing\" itself; this PDSSP addition gives it its own addressable, narrower concept, which planetary DTM production specifically needs in order to be distinguished from plain imaging (see pdssp:ProductType-DigitalElevationModel)."@en ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Photogrammetry"@en .

pdssp:Method-RadarImaging a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Active imaging with microwave pulses: the sensor emits pulses and measures the strength and delay of the echoes, e.g. synthetic aperture radar (Magellan at Venus)."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:radar%20imaging ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Radar imaging"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: A remote sensing technique which uses the reflection of pulsed high frequency radio waves to determine the speed, direction, and distance of faraway objects."@en .

pdssp:Method-StereoscopicImaging a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Acquiring or combining two observations of the same site from different look angles for stereo (3D) viewing or measurement -- e.g. a red-cyan anaglyph. Distinct from pdssp:Method-Photogrammetry: photogrammetry MEASURES 3D geometry (elevation) from a stereo pair, while this concept covers producing a stereo pair/composite for viewing, with no elevation model necessarily derived. Not present in the USGS Thesaurus at all (no \"stereo\"/\"stereoscopic\" label anywhere in its RDF) -- a PDSSP addition."@en ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Stereoscopic imaging"@en .

pdssp:Method-ThermalImaging a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Imaging of the thermal radiation emitted by a surface (thermal infrared, about 3 to 50 µm), used to derive surface temperature and thermal inertia, e.g. Mars Odyssey THEMIS-IR."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:thermal%20imaging ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Thermal imaging"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: Remote sensing techniques using instruments to measure emitted thermal radiation to form images of the earth's surface."@en .

pdssp:Method-VisibleLightImaging a skos:Concept ;
    skos:broader pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:definition "Imaging of reflected sunlight in the visible part of the spectrum (about 0.4 to 0.7 µm)."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:visible%20light%20imaging ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Visible light imaging"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: Remote sensing methods using electromagnetic radiation which is visible to the human eye to react with the coating on a photographic plate or film."@en .

pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing a skos:Concept ;
    skos:definition "Acquiring information about a body's surface, atmosphere or environment without being in contact with it, from orbiting, flyby, airborne or landed sensors."@en ;
    skos:exactMatch usgs:remote%20sensing ;
    skos:inScheme pdssp:MethodScheme ;
    skos:narrower pdssp:Method-AerialPhotography,
        pdssp:Method-HyperspectralImaging,
        pdssp:Method-InfraredImaging,
        pdssp:Method-Lidar,
        pdssp:Method-MicrowaveImaging,
        pdssp:Method-MultispectralImaging,
        pdssp:Method-PanchromaticImaging,
        pdssp:Method-Photogrammetry,
        pdssp:Method-RadarImaging,
        pdssp:Method-StereoscopicImaging,
        pdssp:Method-ThermalImaging,
        pdssp:Method-VisibleLightImaging ;
    skos:prefLabel "Remote sensing"@en ;
    skos:scopeNote "USGS Thesaurus: Acquiring information about a natural feature or phenomenon, such as the Earth's surface, without actually being in contact with it. USGS remote sensing is usually carried out with airborne or spaceborne sensors or cameras."@en .

pdssp:MethodScheme a skos:ConceptScheme ;
    dct:source usgs: ;
    dct:title "PDSSP Acquisition/Processing Method"@en ;
    skos:definition "How a product was acquired or produced, e.g. panchromatic imaging, multispectral imaging, stereo photogrammetry."@en ;
    skos:hasTopConcept pdssp:Method-RemoteSensing ;
    skos:prefLabel "PDSSP Acquisition/Processing Method"@en .